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- What is "normal"
- Defining terms
- Your authority as a writer
- Responsibility to audience
- Evidence
- Organization
- Style
- Unstated assumptions
- About gender
- About race and ethnicity
- Other kinds of difference
- Standard varieties
- Ethnic varieties
- Regional varieties
- Other languages
- Appropriate formality
- Denotation and connotation
- General and specific words
- Figurative language
- Spell checkers
- Spelling rules
- See above for a downloadable PDF of the glossary
- Relate equal ideas
- Distinguish main ideas
- Opening, closing positions
- Faulty sentence structure
- Subjects and predicates
- Elliptical structures
- Missing words
- Comparisons
- With items in a series
- With paired ideas
- With necessary words
- In verb tense
- In mood
- In voice
- In person and number
- Direct, indirect discourse
- In tone and word choice
- Eliminate unnecessary words
- Eliminate redundant words
- Eliminate empty words
- Replace wordy phrases
- Simplify sentence structure
- Vary sentence length
- Vary sentence openings
- The basic grammar of sentences
- Verbs
- Nouns
- Pronouns
- Adjectives
- Adverbs
- Conjunctions
- Interjections
- Subjects
- Predicates
- Phrases
- Clauses
- Grammatical classifications
- Functional classifications
- Verb forms
- Auxiliary verbs
- Regular, irregular verbs
- Lie and lay, sit and set, rise and raise
- Tenses
- Sequence
- Active, passive voice
- Mood
- Third-person singular
- Subjects separated from verbs
- Compound subjects
- Collective-noun subjects
- Indefinite-pronoun subjects
- With who, which, and that
- Linking verbs
- Subjects plural in form but singular in meaning
- Subjects after verbs
- Titles and words as words
- Pronoun case
- Who, whom
- Case in compound structures
- Case in elliptical constructions
- We and us before a noun
- Pronoun-antecedent agreement
- Pronoun reference
- Adjectives
- Adverbs
- Comparatives, superlatives
- Misplaced modifiers
- Disruptive modifiers
- Dangling modifiers
- As two sentences
- With a coordinating conjunction
- With a semicolon
- As an independent clause
- As a dependent clause
- With a dash
- Phrase fragments
- Compound-predicate fragments
- Dependent-clause fragments
- Introductory elements
- Compound sentences
- Nonrestrictive elements
- Items in a series
- Parenthetical, transitional expressions
- Contrasts, interjections, direct address, tag questions
- Dates, addresses, titles, numbers
- Quotations
- To prevent confusion
- Unnecessary commas
- With independent clauses
- With other punctuation
- Misused semicolons
- Periods
- Question marks
- Exclamation points
- Possessives
- Contractions
- Plurals
- Direct quotation
- Prose and poetry
- Titles of short works
- Definitions
- Irony and coinages
- With other punctuation
- Misuses
- Parentheses
- Brackets
- Dashes
- Colons
- Slashes
- Ellipses
- First word of a sentence
- Proper nouns and adjectives
- Titles of works
- Unnecessary capitalization
- Titles with proper names
- With years and hours
- Business, government, and science terms
- Company names
- In notes and source citations
- Measurement, symbols
- Other abbreviations
- Spell out numbers
- Numbers that begin sentences
- Figures
- Titles of long works
- Words, letters, numbers as terms
- Non-English words
- Compound words
- Prefixes and suffixes
- To divide words
- Unnecessary hyphens
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- Directory to in-text citation models in MLA style
- Directory to explanatory and bibliographic notes in MLA style
- Guidelines for author listings
- Books
- Print periodicals
- Multimedia sources (including online versions)
- Other sources
- Sample research paper in MLA style
- APA style for in-text citations
- APA style for Content notes
- APA style for a list of references
- STUDENT ESSAY, APA
- Chicago style for in-text citations, notes, and bibliography
- Chicago style for notes and bibliographic entries
- STUDENT ESSAY, CHICAGO
- CSE style for in-text citations
- CSE style for a list of references
- STUDENT PROPOSAL, CSE
- U.S. academic writing
- Genre conventions
- Adapting structures and phrases from a genre
- Checking usage with search engines
- Explicit subjects and objects
- Word order
- Noun clauses
- Infinitives and gerunds
- Adjective clauses
- Conditional sentences
- Count and non-count nouns
- Plural forms
- Proper nouns
- Determiners
- Articles
- Modifiers
- Forming verb phrases
- Modals
- Present and past tenses
- Perfect and progressive verb phrases
- Participial adjectives
- Using prepositions idiomatically
- Using two-word verbs idiomatically
- Reading and writing for every discipline
- Academic assignments and expectations
- Disciplinary vocabulary
- Disciplinary style
- Use of evidence
- Conventional patterns and formats
- Ethical issues
- Reading texts in the humanities
- Writing texts in the humanities
- A STUDENT'S CLOSE READING OF POETRY
- Reading texts in the social sciences
- Writing texts in the social sciences
- A STUDENT'S BRIEF PSYCHOLOGY REPORT
- Reading texts in the natural and applied sciences
- Writing texts in the natural and applied sciences
- A STUDENT'S CHEMISTRY LAB REPORT
- Reading texts for business
- Writing texts for business
- MEMO
- LETTER OF APPLICATION
- RÉSUMÉ
- SCANNABLE RÉSUMÉ
- Sepecial considerations in business writing
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